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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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M13 phage: a versatile building block for a highly specific analysis platform.

Rui Wang1, Hui-Da Li1, Ying Cao1

  • 1Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|March 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

M13 phage, a versatile viral scaffold, offers unique advantages for biosensing and biomedicine. Genetic and chemical modifications enable M13 phage to create advanced analytical platforms for diverse applications.

Keywords:
BioimagingBiosensorsImmunoassays/ELISAM13 phagePhage display

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedicine and Biosensing
  • Viral Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Viruses, particularly M13 phage, are emerging as powerful tools in biosensing and biomedicine due to their inherent properties like multivalency and genetic modifiability.
  • M13 phage serves as a well-established model for phage display libraries and is increasingly utilized as a viral scaffold for various analytical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of M13 phage in the analytical field and highlight its benefits.
  • To introduce methods for functionalizing M13 phage through genetic and chemical modifications for enhanced analytical capabilities.
  • To summarize representative applications of M13 phage-based platforms in isolation, sensing, imaging, and immunoassays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on M13 phage functionalization and applications.
  • Discussion of genetic engineering techniques for modifying M13 phage.
  • Exploration of chemical modification strategies to impart specific functionalities to M13 phage.

Main Results:

  • M13 phage can be engineered into multifunctional analytical platforms without compromising individual functionalities.
  • The filamentous morphology and flexibility of M13 phage enhance analytical performance, including target affinity and signal amplification.
  • Representative applications include M13 phage-based isolation sorbents, biosensors, cell imaging probes, and immunoassays.

Conclusions:

  • M13 phage is a highly adaptable viral scaffold with significant potential in advancing analytical sciences and biomedical applications.
  • Further research and development are needed to address current challenges and explore future perspectives for M13 phage-based technologies.