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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Energy Balance01:19

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The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
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Step 2:
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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Dietary Temperature's Influence on Energy Balance in Humans: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Crossover

Reza Rastmanesh1, Kyle D Flack2

  • 1American Physical Society, Maryland, MD, United States.

JMIR Research Protocols
|March 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Meal and drink temperature may influence energy balance and obesity risk by affecting heat shock proteins (HSPs). Further research is needed to confirm this link and its implications for weight management.

Keywords:
clinical trialdesign of studydietary temperatureenergy conservationenergy intakeheat shock proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics and metabolic research
  • Molecular biology and obesity studies

Background:

  • The first law of thermodynamics states energy is conserved.
  • Water's high heat capacity suggests ingested fluid temperature impacts energy homeostasis.
  • A novel hypothesis links food/drink temperature to energy balance and obesity via molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To hypothesize that ingested food/fluid temperature influences energy homeostasis.
  • To investigate the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs), specifically HSP-70 and HSP-90, in this process.
  • To explore the connection between HSP expression, obesity, and glucose metabolism deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Presenting preliminary evidence for the hypothesis.
  • Demonstrating that higher dietary temperatures activate intracellular and extracellular HSPs.
  • Correlating HSP activation with energy balance and obesity development.

Main Results:

  • The proposed clinical trial protocol has not yet been initiated.
  • Funding for the trial has not been secured at the time of publication.

Conclusions:

  • Currently, no clinical trials investigate meal/fluid temperature's effect on weight status.
  • A proposed mechanism suggests higher food/beverage temperatures influence energy balance through HSP expression.
  • A clinical trial is proposed to further investigate these mechanisms and their link to obesity.