Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

41.8K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
41.8K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

121.7K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
121.7K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
17.3K
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

1.1K
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
1.1K
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

19.5K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
19.5K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

17.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
17.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Next-Generation Surgery: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Genetic Technologies, Bioengineering and Rehabilitation Into Modern Practices.

Exploration (Beijing, China)·2026
Same author

Visualizing the impact of quenched disorder on 2D electron Wigner solids.

Nature·2026
Same author

Molecular evolution of starch structure and sugar supply dynamics during the initial fermentation stages of Jiangxiangxing Baijiu.

Food chemistry: X·2026
Same author

Three-dimensional reconstruction of densely planted rice seedlings based on MultiView images.

Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Laparoscopic extrahepatic Glissonian versus hilar dissection approach for major hepatectomy in patients with HCC: a randomized controlled trial.

British journal of cancer·2026
Same author

Identification of potential RNAi targets and analysis of dsRNA stability and intracellular transport in the underground pest Holotrichia parallela.

Pest management science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

26.8K

Stable Solid Molecular Hydrogen above 900 K from a Machine-Learned Potential Trained with Diffusion Quantum

Hongwei Niu1, Yubo Yang2,3, Scott Jensen3

  • 1Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.

Physical Review Letters
|March 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped the high-pressure phase diagram of molecular hydrogen, discovering two new stable phases. A reentrant melting line was observed in the Fmmm-4 phase at higher temperatures than previously predicted.

More Related Videos

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

12.9K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

26.8K
Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

12.9K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.6K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Computational chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the phase diagram of molecular hydrogen under extreme pressure is crucial for planetary science and materials science.
  • Previous studies have identified several phases, but a complete picture under high pressure remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally explore the phase diagram of molecular hydrogen at high pressures.
  • To identify new stable phases and characterize their properties.

Main Methods:

  • Path integral molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • A machine-learned interatomic potential was utilized, trained with quantum Monte Carlo forces and energies.

Main Results:

  • Two new stable phases with molecular centers in the Fmmm-4 structure were discovered, in addition to the known HCP and C2/c-24 phases.
  • A molecular orientation transition was identified, separating the two new Fmmm-4 phases.
  • The Fmmm-4 phase exhibits a reentrant melting line with a maximum at 1450 K and 150 GPa, higher than previously estimated.
  • The study observed the crossing of the liquid-liquid transition line by the Fmmm-4 phase around 1200 K and 200 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • The findings expand our understanding of the complex phase behavior of molecular hydrogen under extreme conditions.
  • The discovered phases and reentrant melting line provide new insights for high-pressure research and potential applications.