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Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Minerals01:26

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Does fluoride exposure impact on the human microbiome?

Gary P Moran1, Lina Zgaga2, Blánaid Daly1

  • 1School of Dental Science Trinity College Dublin and Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland.

Toxicology Letters
|March 5, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluoride in drinking water may impact the human microbiome, but research is limited. While animal studies show negative effects, human data on community water fluoridation is lacking, though oral hygiene products may be beneficial.

Keywords:
BacteriaCariesCommunity water fluoridationFluorideFluorosisMicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Community water fluoridation (CWF) is used globally for dental caries prevention.
  • Emerging research highlights the microbiome's role in health.
  • Concerns exist regarding fluoride's impact on neurodevelopment and endocrine function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on fluoride exposure and its effects on the human microbiome.
  • To assess the current evidence regarding CWF and microbiome alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining fluoride exposure and the microbiome.
  • Analysis of animal studies and human oral hygiene product data.

Main Results:

  • No studies directly examined CWF's effect on the human gut microbiome.
  • Animal studies suggest fluoride exposure can disrupt the microbiome, but human relevance is unclear.
  • Fluoride in oral hygiene products may benefit the oral microbiome for caries prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Fluoride exposure appears to influence the human and animal microbiome.
  • More research is needed to understand the long-term consequences of CWF on the human microbiome.
  • The impact of ingested fluoride from CWF on the human microbiome remains largely unknown.