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Recycling of Trees Planted for Phytostabilization to Solid Fuel: Parametric Optimization Using the Response Surface

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Summary

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) converts woody biomass into hydrochar, enhancing its energy properties. Optimized HTC conditions improved hydrochar quality and increased coal

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass conversion and utilization
  • Renewable energy technologies
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Raw biomass presents challenges in shipping, storage, and handling.
  • Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) improves biomass physiochemical properties.
  • Hydrochar offers enhanced properties for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal process conditions for hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of *Searsia lancea* woody biomass.
  • To evaluate the impact of HTC on biomass energy yield and quality.
  • To assess the potential of hydrochar as a blend with coal for energy generation.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) experiments conducted at temperatures from 200-280 °C and hold times of 30-90 min.
  • Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) employed for process optimization.
  • Analysis of hydrochar mass yield (MY), calorific value (CV), and elemental composition (H/C, O/C ratios).

Main Results:

  • RSM optimized conditions (220 °C, 90 min) yielded 56.5% MY and 25.8 MJ/kg CV.
  • GA optimized conditions (238 °C, 80 min) yielded 47% MY and 26.7 MJ/kg CV.
  • Reduced H/C and O/C ratios in optimized hydrochars indicate coalification; blends increased coal's CV by up to 23.12%.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal HTC conditions were identified using RSM and GA for *Searsia lancea* biomass.
  • Hydrochar produced exhibits enhanced calorific value and reduced H/C and O/C ratios, signifying improved coal-like properties.
  • Hydrochar blends with coal discard present a viable strategy for enhancing coal's energy content and promoting sustainable energy alternatives.