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Quantitative Assessment Method of Muzzle Smoke in a Field Environment.

Chenguang Yan1, Chen-Guang Zhu1, Mingxing Zhang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.

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Summary

This study introduces a new metric, characteristic quantity of muzzle smoke (CQMS), for battlefield pollution assessment. CQMS provides a reliable method for quantitatively evaluating muzzle smoke in field environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Ballistics and Weapon Systems
  • Environmental Science and Pollution Control
  • Propellant Chemistry and Engineering

Background:

  • Muzzle smoke from barrel weapons is a significant battlefield pollutant.
  • Existing methods for muzzle smoke assessment are often limited to laboratory settings (smoke boxes), lacking field applicability.
  • Quantitative assessment of muzzle smoke is crucial for developing advanced propellants and understanding battlefield environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define a novel metric, the characteristic quantity of muzzle smoke (CQMS), for quantitative assessment of muzzle smoke in field environments.
  • To establish a theoretical basis for CQMS using the Beer-Lambert law, optimizing measurement conditions to minimize error.
  • To experimentally validate the effectiveness of CQMS in a realistic field setting.

Main Methods:

  • Defined the characteristic quantity of muzzle smoke (CQMS) based on the Beer-Lambert law, considering field environmental conditions.
  • Theoretically determined optimal measurement conditions (transmittance of e⁻²) to minimize the impact of measurement errors on CQMS.
  • Conducted seven live firing tests of a 30 mm gun in a field environment to collect data for CQMS validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully defined and applied the characteristic quantity of muzzle smoke (CQMS) metric.
  • Experimental results from field firings demonstrated the feasibility of using CQMS for quantitative assessment.
  • Measurement uncertainty analysis yielded a CQMS value of 2.35 ± 0.06 m² for the tested propellant charge.

Conclusions:

  • The characteristic quantity of muzzle smoke (CQMS) is an effective metric for the quantitative assessment of muzzle smoke in field environments.
  • CQMS provides valuable data for the development of advanced propellants and the management of battlefield pollution.
  • The established methodology offers a reliable approach for future field-based muzzle smoke research.