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Human virome: Implications in cancer.
Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo1, Patricia Guevara-Ramírez1, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri1
1Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, 170129, Ecuador.
Heliyon
|March 6, 2023
Summary
The human virome, including viruses and phages, impacts health and disease. Understanding its composition and role is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions like cancer.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Virology
- Human Microbiome Research
Background:
- The human virome's role in health and disease is increasingly recognized, particularly post-SARS-CoV-2.
- Viral communities may influence autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and cancer development.
- Phages can modulate the gut bacterial microbiota, affecting susceptibility to infections and chronic conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the significance of the human virome in health and disease.
- To highlight methods for virome characterization.
- To focus on the association between virome composition and cancer.
Main Methods:
- Shotgun next-generation sequencing (metagenomics) for comprehensive viral identification.
- Analysis of viral quantity and diversity across different human ecological niches.
- Review of existing literature on virome composition and disease association.
Main Results:
- Metagenomics enables the discovery of novel viral families and characterization of complex viral communities.
- Variations in virome composition are linked to disease pathogenesis, notably through interactions with the gut microbiota.
- Phage-mediated regulation of bacteria (lysogeny) is implicated in chronic inflammation and cancer.
Conclusions:
- Characterizing the human virome in various body sites is essential for understanding its role in disease.
- The virome's influence on human health, particularly its association with cancer, warrants further investigation.
- Further research into virome composition and function can lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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