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Nanoparticle-based radiosensitization strategies for improving radiation therapy.

Hongxin Shen^1,2, Hong Huang^1,2, Zhimei Jiang^1,2

¹Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Pharmacology

|March 6, 2023

Summary

Nanoparticles show promise in cancer treatment by overcoming radiation resistance and improving radiation absorption. This review explores nanoparticle strategies to enhance radiotherapy effectiveness and reduce side effects.

Keywords:

antisense oligonucleotide gene chemical drugs nanoparticle strategy radiation dose deposit radiation-activable property radiosensitizers radiotherapy reactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Nanomedicine
Biotechnology

Background:

Radiotherapy is a primary cancer treatment but faces limitations like radiation resistance and damage to healthy tissues.
Low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and poor radiation absorption in tumors hinder therapeutic efficiency.
Nanoparticles offer unique properties to overcome these radiotherapy challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review nanoparticle-based radiosensitization strategies for enhancing radiation therapy.
To discuss current challenges and future opportunities in nanoparticle radiosensitizers.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on nanoparticle design for radiosensitization.
Categorization of strategies based on mechanisms: ROS upregulation, enhanced dose deposition, drug/gene delivery, and radiation-activable properties.

Main Results:

Nanoparticles can be designed to increase ROS levels, improving cancer cell killing.
Strategies exist to enhance radiation absorption by tumor tissues using nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles can deliver drugs or genetic material to sensitize cancer cells or protect normal tissues.

Conclusions:

Nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers present a promising approach to improve cancer radiotherapy efficacy.
Further research is needed to address challenges and fully realize the potential of these advanced therapeutic agents.