Anxiety and Stress During the COVID-19 Lockdown Among the General Population in Perambalur: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown had a significant impact on mental health during the last two years. However, the majority of studies do not concentrate on the risk and protective factors that influence the relationship between COVID-19 and subjective well-being. Therefore, the present study aims to identify such stressful experiences and the influence of COVID-19 and various stressors. Methodology We have conducted this community-based, cross-sectional, analytical study in the Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu for four months. After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, we gathered data for the study. Two field practice areas were involved in data collection. A convenient sampling procedure was used to select 291 households for the study. The lead investigator interviewed one individual from each household, preferably the head of the family. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the pertinent information. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale were used to assess anxiety and stress. All collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA), and SPSS software version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the results. Results Among the participants, 34% had a history of COVID-19 infection, and 58.4% of the families had at least one chronic comorbidity among the family members. The CAS score was significantly associated with the residence (p = 0.049), marital status (p = 0.001), and previous history of COVID-19 (p = 0.016) of the study participants. The study found that gender was the only factor associated with both the PSS score (p = 0.022) and the GAD scale score (p = 0.010) of the study participants. Conclusions Even though doctors can treat many mental health illnesses for a comparatively minimal cost, there is still a wide disparity between those who require care and those who have access to it. Governmental programs and regulations that conduct routine surveys to identify anxiety and stress can lead to successful preventative strategies.