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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

296
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
296
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

399
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
399
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

223
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
223
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

291
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
291
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

186
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
186
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

2.0K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis
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Knee Tuberculosis Presenting As Pigmented villonodular Synovitis.

Rajesh K Ambulgekar1, Akshay Jadhav1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|March 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee can present similarly, causing diagnostic challenges. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological and mycobacterial examination for appropriate treatment and to prevent joint damage.

Keywords:
Pigmented villonodular synovitisTuberculosisknee

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are conditions that can affect the knee joint.
  • Both TB and PVNS can present with similar clinical and radiological features, including painful swelling and restricted range of motion, making differentiation difficult.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male presented with a six-month history of right knee painful swelling.
  • Initial physical examination, radiographs, and MRI suggested PVNS.
  • Confirmatory investigations, specifically histopathological examination, revealed an alternative diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Clinical and radiological presentations of knee TB and PVNS can be indistinguishable.
  • In endemic regions like India, TB should be a strong consideration in differential diagnosis.
  • Histopathological and mycobacterial results are crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Misdiagnosis can lead to delayed or incorrect treatment, potentially causing permanent joint disfiguration.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis through appropriate investigations is vital for effective management of knee joint pathologies.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of knee swelling, even when imaging suggests PVNS.