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The intestine: A highly dynamic microenvironment for IgA plasma cells.

Katharina Pracht1, Jens Wittner1, Fritz Kagerer1

  • 1Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

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Summary

The intestinal epithelium supports long-lived IgA plasma cells through specialized interactions and nutrient sensing. Nutritional aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands impact these crucial gut immune cell communications.

Keywords:
Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptorIgAIgA plasma cellsintestinal epithelial barrierintestinal epithelial cellplasma cellsurvival niche

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Long-lived IgA plasma cells are essential for gut immunity.
  • The intestinal epithelium provides a unique microenvironment for immune cell survival.
  • Paneth cells, goblet cells, and M cells form a protective gut barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spatial interplay between the intestinal epithelium and IgA plasma cells.
  • To discuss the role of nutritional aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands in this interaction.
  • To highlight spatial transcriptomics for studying IgA plasma cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on intestinal immunity and epithelial cell interactions.
  • Analysis of cytokine and nutrient signaling pathways.
  • Introduction of spatial transcriptomics as an emerging technology.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal epithelial cells produce APRIL and BAFF, supporting plasma cell survival.
  • Specialized epithelial cells contribute to IgA transcytosis and barrier function.
  • Nutritional AhR ligands modulate epithelial-immune cell interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The intestinal epithelium is critical for IgA plasma cell generation, homing, and longevity.
  • AhR signaling represents a key link between nutrition and gut immunity.
  • Spatial transcriptomics offers novel insights into the gut immune landscape.