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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Using Motor Tempi to Understand Rhythm and Grammatical Skills in Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language

Enikő Ladányi1,2, Michaela Novakovic3, Olivia A Boorom4,5

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Neurobiology of Language (Cambridge, Mass.)
|March 6, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle with rhythm tasks, showing a faster slowest motor tempo than typically developing peers. Rhythm aptitude and receptive grammar, but not expressive grammar, correlated with rhythm pacing abilities.

Keywords:
developmental language disorderentrainmentgrammarneural oscillationsrhythmtapping

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) exhibit linguistic challenges and often show deficits in rhythm processing.
  • Rhythm perception and production are crucial for both musicality and spoken language comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare preferred tempo and entrainment region width in children with DLD and typically developing (TD) children.
  • To investigate the association of these rhythm measures with rhythm aptitude and grammar skills.

Main Methods:

  • Spontaneous motor tempo (tapping at a comfortable speed) and entrainment region width (range of stable rhythmic tapping) were measured.
  • Participants included 16 children with DLD and 114 TD children aged 5–7 years.
  • Rhythm aptitude and receptive/expressive grammar were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Children with DLD tapped their slowest tempo faster than TD children, indicating reduced ability to slow down rhythmic pacing.
  • Entrainment region width did not differ between groups.
  • Entrainment region width positively correlated with rhythm aptitude and receptive grammar, but not expressive grammar.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that impaired rhythmic pacing, specifically the inability to tap slowly, may be a characteristic of DLD.
  • Rhythm processing, particularly the ability to modulate tempo, is linked to broader language skills.
  • Future research should explore neural mechanisms underlying these rhythm-language associations in DLD.