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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.9K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

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Overview
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Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

6.7K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
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In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

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WeatherChimes: An Open IoT Weather Station and Data Sonification System.

Winnie Woo1, William Richards1, John Selker1

  • 1OPEnS Lab, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.

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|March 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

WeatherChimes is an open-source, low-cost system providing real-time environmental sensor data. This Internet of Things (IoT) tool enhances environmental understanding through accessible data and innovative sonification for education and research.

Keywords:
ArduinoData LoggingData SonificationEnvironmental ObservationMQTTMax8MongoDBNear real-time Data

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Computer Science
  • Education Technology

Background:

  • Urban populations exhibit significant disconnection from natural environments, relying on remote satellite data for environmental understanding.
  • Existing in-situ environmental sensor systems are often costly, proprietary, and lack flexible data access.
  • Accessible, location-specific in-situ data is crucial for validating environmental and weather measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce WeatherChimes, an open-source, low-cost hardware and software suite for accessible in-situ environmental sensing.
  • To enable near real-time access to diverse environmental data (light, temperature, humidity, soil moisture) via WiFi.
  • To explore innovative data interaction through sonification and animation for scientific, educational, and artistic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an open-source, Arduino-programmable hardware and software suite named WeatherChimes.
  • Integration of environmental sensors (light, temperature, humidity, soil moisture) with WiFi connectivity.
  • Creation of Internet of Things (IoT) compatible data formats for online access and analysis.
  • Implementation of data sonification and animation applications for data interpretation.
  • Testing and validation of sensor and data logging performance in laboratory and field settings.

Main Results:

  • WeatherChimes provides near real-time access to in-situ environmental sensor data.
  • The system successfully transforms environmental data into auditory signals (sonification) and visual animations.
  • Lab and field tests confirmed the reliability and performance of the WeatherChimes system.
  • The system was successfully applied in an undergraduate classroom and a STEM education workshop.

Conclusions:

  • WeatherChimes offers a low-cost, open-source solution for accessible in-situ environmental data collection.
  • The platform facilitates novel ways to interact with and understand environmental data, particularly through sonification.
  • WeatherChimes has proven effective in educational settings for teaching environmental science and interrelationships.
  • The Internet of Things (IoT) integration opens new possibilities for remote collaboration and data-driven environmental engagement.