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Anti-EGFR/BRAF-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Thyroid Carcinoma

Vasileios Papanikolaou1, Efthymios Kyrodimos1, Nicholas Mastronikolis2

  • 11st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis
|March 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Genetic alterations in EGFR and BRAF genes, crucial for cancer development, are explored in thyroid carcinoma. This review examines targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with specific genetic signatures.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic alterations in chromosome 7, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations, are key drivers in malignancy development.
  • These genetic events, alongside chromosomal numerical imbalances (aneuploidy-polysomy), are critical for tumor progression.
  • Identifying specific EGFR/BRAF mutations and deregulation mechanisms like amplification is essential for targeted therapy selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of EGFR and BRAF alterations in various thyroid carcinoma subtypes.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting these genetic alterations.
  • To correlate specific genetic signatures with potential treatment responses in thyroid cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies focusing on EGFR/BRAF alterations in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations, including somatic mutations and gene amplification, within different thyroid cancer subtypes (FTC, PTC, MTC, ATC).
  • Examination of targeted therapeutic approaches, such as TKIs and mAbs, based on identified genetic profiles.

Main Results:

  • EGFR and BRAF alterations are significant in the pathogenesis of various thyroid carcinoma subtypes.
  • Specific mutations and amplification events in EGFR and BRAF are identified as crucial biomarkers.
  • The review highlights the potential of anti-EGFR/BRAF TKIs and mAbs for personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • EGFR/BRAF alterations play a critical role in thyroid carcinoma development and progression.
  • Targeted therapies based on EGFR/BRAF mutational status offer promising treatment avenues for thyroid cancer patients.
  • Personalized medicine approaches utilizing genetic profiling are essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes in thyroid carcinoma.
Keywords:
Thyroidcarcinomaepidermal growth factorkinasereceptorreviewtyrosine

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