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Reducing vaccine hesitancy by explaining vaccine science.

Susan Joslyn¹, Chao Qin¹, Jee Hoon Han¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Washington.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied

|March 6, 2023

Summary

Clear explanations and refuting myths about mRNA vaccines significantly reduced vaccine hesitancy. Simple, nontechnical language and addressing safety concerns proved most effective in promoting vaccine acceptance.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Behavioral Science
Vaccinology

Background:

Vaccine hesitancy persisted despite mRNA vaccine availability during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Complex scientific information contributed to public misunderstandings about vaccine safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of nontechnical explanations on reducing vaccine hesitancy.
To compare the effectiveness of different explanation formats (expository vs. refutational) and data presentation (text vs. icon array).

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted with unvaccinated American adults in 2021.
Participants received various explanations about mRNA vaccine safety and effectiveness, including refutational text.
Vaccine hesitancy was measured and compared against a control group.

Main Results:

All tested explanations significantly reduced vaccine hesitancy compared to the control group.
Refutational explanations addressing vaccine safety (mRNA mechanism, side effects) were most effective.
Explanation effectiveness remained consistent across diverse political ideologies and prior attitudes.

Conclusions:

Nontechnical, clear explanations of vaccine science can effectively reduce hesitancy.
Refutational text, particularly for safety concerns, enhances the impact of vaccine information.
Addressing scientific complexities in accessible language is crucial for public health communication.