The Spinal Cord
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
Published on: June 26, 2018
Adrian C Traeger1,2, Stephen E Gilbert1,2, Ian A Harris1,3
1Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) likely offers no significant long-term benefits for chronic low back pain. Current evidence suggests SCS probably does not improve pain, function, or quality of life, and carries risks.
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