Risk Factors for Hyperuricemia or Gout in Men and Women: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)
Saki Teramura1, Kazumasa Yamagishi1,2, Mitsumasa Umesawa3
1Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba.
Insights
Hypertension and alcohol consumption are key risk factors for hyperuricemia or gout in men. Smoking is a significant risk factor for women, highlighting sex-specific differences in gout development.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Hyperuricemia and gout are prevalent conditions with significant health implications.
- Understanding sex-specific risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex-specific risk factors associated with the incidence of hyperuricemia or gout in Japanese adult cohorts.
- To identify lifestyle and clinical factors contributing to hyperuricemia or gout development in men and women.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal cohort study involving 3,188 men and 6,346 women was conducted from 1986-1990.
- Participants were monitored for a median of 14.6 years for the development of hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥ 7.0 mg/dL) or gout.
- Sex-specific Cox proportional-hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios, adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid profiles.
Main Results:
- Hypertension was associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia or gout in men (HR 1.41) and women (HR 1.12).
- Alcohol consumption was a significant risk factor for men (HR 1.41 for ≥ 46 g/day), while smoking was a risk factor for women (HR 1.66).
- Factors like body mass index, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia did not show significant associations in either sex.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension and alcohol intake are identified as significant risk factors for hyperuricemia or gout in men.
- Smoking emerged as a notable risk factor for hyperuricemia or gout incidence among women.
- These findings underscore the importance of sex-specific approaches in managing and preventing hyperuricemia and gout.
Aim:
We aimed to examine sex-specific risk factors for hyperuricemia or gout in Japanese cohorts.
Methods:
We followed up 3,188 men (mean age, 55.6 years) and 6,346 women (mean age, 54.1 years) without hyperuricemia, gout, or elevated liver enzymes at baseline from 1986 to 1990 for a median of 14.6 years. The participants were considered as having hyperuricemia or gout if their serum uric acid levels were ≥ 7.0 mg/dL or they were receiving treatment for hyperuricemia or gout during annual health checkups. The sex-specific multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) of hyperuricemia or gout incidence were calculated after adjustment for smoking and drinking status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia using the Cox proportional-hazard model.
Results:
During follow-up, 733 men and 355 women had hyperuricemia or gout. Among men, the multivariable HRs (95% confidence intervals) of hyperuricemia or gout were 1.23 (1.00-1.52) and 1.41 (1.13-1.75) for drinkers of ＜46 and ≥ 46 g ethanol/day, respectively, compared with non-drinkers; 1.00 (0.81-1.24) and 1.18 (0.93-1.50) for smokers of 1-19 and ≥ 20 cigarettes/day, respectively, compared with never smokers; and 1.41 (1.20-1.65) for hypertensive compared with non-hypertensive participants. The HRs for women were 1.02 (0.70-1.48), 1.66 (1.05-2.63), and 1.12 (0.88-1.42) for current drinkers, current smokers, and hypertensive participants, respectively. For both men and women, body mass index, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were not associated with hyperuricemia or gout incidence.
Conclusions:
Hypertension and alcohol drinking are risk factors for hyperuricemia or gout among men and smoking among women.
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