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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Gender trends in cardiothoracic surgery authorship.

Darren S Bryan1, Mia Debarros2, Sue X Wang3

  • 1Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|March 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Women’s first authorship in cardiothoracic surgery publications increased significantly from 2011 to 2020, mirroring the rise in active women surgeons. Last authorship, however, remained largely unchanged, indicating a need for further progress.

Keywords:
authorshipcardiothoracic surgerydiversity equity and inclusiongender disparities

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Medical Publishing
  • Gender Studies in Medicine

Background:

  • Historically low representation of women in cardiothoracic surgery.
  • Publications are a key metric for academic success and career advancement in surgery.
  • Focus on increasing women's participation in cardiothoracic surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in gender of first and last authors in cardiothoracic surgery publications.
  • To compare publication authorship trends with the proportion of active women in the field.
  • To identify progress and areas for improvement in gender representation in cardiothoracic surgery literature.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publications in two US cardiothoracic surgery journals from 2011-2020.
  • Categorization of publication types including clinical trials, reviews, and case reports.
  • Gender association of author names using validated software and comparison with physician specialty data.

Main Results:

  • First authorship by women increased from 8.5% to 16% between 2011 and 2020.
  • The rise in women's first authorship paralleled the increase in active women cardiothoracic physicians (4.6% to 8%).
  • Last authorship by women showed minimal change, increasing by only 0.06% per year on average.

Conclusions:

  • Women's authorship in cardiothoracic surgery has increased, particularly in first author positions.
  • The findings suggest progress in gender representation but highlight persistent disparities in senior authorship.
  • Author-volunteered gender identification could enhance future trend analysis.