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Ultrahigh-sensitivity multi-parameter tacrolimus solution detection based on an anchor planar millifluidic microwave

Xiaojun Yang1, Chen Guo2, Mengqi Zhang1

  • 1Qingdao University, College of Micro & Nano Technology, Qingdao 266071, China. yyli@qdu.edu.cn.

Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications
|March 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel anchor planar millifluidic microwave biosensor offers sensitive detection of tacrolimus drug concentration. This label-free method provides accurate, repeatable results for early monitoring in transplant patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Microwave Engineering
  • Biosensor Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate monitoring of tacrolimus drug concentration is crucial for organ transplant recipients to prevent toxicity and rejection.
  • Existing methods for tacrolimus detection can be complex and time-consuming.
  • There is a need for sensitive, rapid, and label-free biosensing platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel anchor planar millifluidic microwave (APMM) biosensor for detecting tacrolimus concentration.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability of the APMM biosensor.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using the APMM biosensor for early detection of tacrolimus levels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an anchor planar millifluidic microwave biosensor.
  • Integration of the biosensor with a millifluidic system for sample delivery.
  • Interaction of varying tacrolimus concentrations (10-500 ng mL-1) with the sensor's electromagnetic field.
  • Measurement of changes in resonant frequency and transmission coefficient amplitude.
  • Analysis of frequency and reflection coefficient differences for correlation with concentration.

Main Results:

  • The APMM biosensor achieved a very low limit of detection (LoD) of 0.12 pg mL-1.
  • A high frequency detection resolution (FDR) of 1.59 MHz/(ng mL-1) was obtained.
  • Strong linear correlations were observed between tacrolimus concentration and frequency difference (R2 = 0.992) and reflection coefficient difference (R2 = 0.998).
  • The biosensor demonstrated high repeatability with five measurements per sample.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed APMM biosensor is a sensitive and label-free platform for tacrolimus detection.
  • The biosensor offers accurate and repeatable measurements, suitable for early drug concentration monitoring.
  • This technology presents a simple and effective method for constructing high-performance microwave biosensors.