Camurati-Engelmann Disease: A Case-Based Review About an Ultrarare Bone Dysplasia

Camurati-Engelmann disease or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia is a rare hereditary disease that results in a symmetrical hyperostosis of the long bones (cortical thickening) and/or the base of the skull. Camurati-Engelmann disease is also associated with myopathy and neurological manifestations. Clinically, Camurati-Engelmann disease typically presents with bone pain in the lower extremities, muscle weakness, and a wobbly, stilted gait. The disease is caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene. Up to date, about 300 cases have been described in the literature. In this case-based review, we present the clinical picture and genetic and radiological findings in a 20-yearold male patient we diagnosed with Camurati-Engelmann disease and our considerations in his treatment and compare the case to the literature. The diagnosis of Camurati-Engelmann disease was confirmed on patients' history, clinical and radiological findings, and genetic testing for transforming growth factor beta-1 mutation. The patient responded well to single therapy with zoledronic acid. Early diagnosis leads to improved clinical outcomes and increased quality of life in affected patients.