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Assessment of Kidney Function in Children

Emil den Bakker1, Arend Bökenkamp2, Dieter Haffner3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, the Netherlands.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|March 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Understanding kidney function tests is crucial for pediatric patient care. This article reviews urinalysis, glomerular and tubular function tests, and other methods for assessing kidney health in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of kidney function is vital for effective patient management.
  • Urinalysis is a primary screening tool in outpatient settings.
  • Comprehensive evaluation requires assessing both glomerular and tubular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the maturation of kidney function in children.
  • To outline the various tests used for assessing kidney function in pediatric patients.
  • To provide a guide for healthcare professionals on pediatric kidney function assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established urinalysis parameters.
  • Explanation of tests for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine protein excretion.
  • Description of specific tubular function tests (e.g., urine anion gap, electrolyte excretion).
  • Mention of advanced diagnostics like kidney biopsy and genetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Urinalysis provides initial screening for kidney abnormalities.
  • Urine protein and estimated GFR are key for glomerular assessment.
  • Specific markers indicate tubular health and function.
  • Kidney biopsy and genetic tests aid in disease characterization.

Conclusions:

  • A multi-faceted approach is necessary for thorough pediatric kidney function assessment.
  • Understanding maturation is key to interpreting test results in children.
  • Integrated use of various tests ensures comprehensive patient care and diagnosis.

Keywords:
Acute kidney diseaseChildrenChronic kidney diseaseDiagnosisEstimated glomerular filtration rateProteinuria

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