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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Nephrons01:10

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Chronic Kidney Disease in Children.

Judith Sebestyen VanSickle1, Bradley A Warady1

  • 1Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children requires multidisciplinary care for nutritional and medical complications. Maintenance dialysis offers a high survival rate for pediatric patients with end-stage renal failure.

Keywords:
CKDDialysisESKDPediatricsTransplant

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Renal Medicine
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children often stems from congenital anomalies and hereditary conditions.
  • Advanced CKD necessitates comprehensive management of nutritional needs and complications like hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and anemia.
  • Neurocognitive assessment and psychosocial support are crucial components of pediatric CKD care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of managing chronic kidney disease in children.
  • To highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in pediatric CKD.
  • To present survival data for children undergoing maintenance dialysis for end-stage renal failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established clinical practices for pediatric CKD.
  • Analysis of data regarding complications and supportive care in pediatric renal failure.
  • Presentation of survival statistics for children on maintenance dialysis.

Main Results:

  • Maintenance dialysis is the standard of care for pediatric end-stage renal failure globally.
  • Children younger than 12 years demonstrate a 95% survival rate after 3 years on dialysis.
  • Survival rates for younger children (≤4 years) are approximately 82% at one year of dialysis.

Conclusions:

  • Multidisciplinary management is essential for pediatric CKD patients.
  • Maintenance dialysis is an effective treatment for end-stage renal failure in children.
  • Dialysis offers significant long-term survival benefits for pediatric patients with CKD.