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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Defect-Density-Controlled Phase-Change Phenomena.

Muhammad Jahidul Hoque1, Xiao Yan1, Haoyun Qiu1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Scalable hybrid surface engineering combines hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties for enhanced heat transfer. This method improves fog harvesting and frost control, offering versatile applications in phase-change heat transfer technologies.

Keywords:
biphiliccondensationdefectsfogfrost−defrosthybridmeshpatternsroll-to-roll

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Heat Transfer

Background:

  • Hybrid surface engineering, combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, enhances phase-change heat transfer.
  • Scalable fabrication of controlled hydrophilic patterns on hybrid surfaces remains a significant challenge, limiting widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable and versatile method for fabricating hybrid wettability surfaces.
  • To investigate the performance of these surfaces in fog harvesting and frost management.
  • To demonstrate the adaptability of the fabrication technique for industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Scalable fabrication of hybrid surfaces with spot and gridlike patterns using stamping on metal meshes.
  • Controlled patterning pressure and variable mesh dimensions for precise wettability control.
  • Evaluation of fog harvesting rates and condensation frosting behavior in controlled experimental setups.
  • Adaptation of the technique to roll-to-roll patterning for continuous manufacturing.

Main Results:

  • Optimized hybrid surfaces demonstrated a ~37% increase in fog harvesting rate compared to homogeneous superhydrophobic surfaces.
  • Grid-patterned hybrid surfaces exhibited ~160% higher frost propagation velocity and ~20% less frost coverage.
  • Hybrid surfaces retained more water during defrosting due to hydrophilic patterns and melt water pinning.
  • Demonstrated wettability contrast on round metallic geometries via atmospheric water vapor condensation using roll-to-roll patterning.

Conclusions:

  • A rapid, substrate-independent, and scalable method for fabricating hybrid wettability surfaces has been established.
  • The developed surfaces show significant improvements in fog harvesting and frost management.
  • This work provides a pathway for the broad application of hybrid surfaces in phase-change heat transfer and beyond.