Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2025
Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
Published on: October 6, 2022
Association between priapism and HIV disease and treatment
Evan Mulloy1, Shufeng Li1,2, Federico Belladelli1,3
1Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
Background:
Priapism, a urologic emergency, has known associations with certain medical conditions. Many cases are idiopathic, suggesting an opportunity to identify novel risk factors.
Aim:
We sought to identify medical conditions and pharmaceutical treatments that are associated with priapism using data-mining techniques.
Methods:
Using deidentified data in a large insurance claims database, we identified all men (age ≥20 years) with a diagnosis of priapism from 2003 to 2020 and matched them to cohorts of men with other diseases of male genitalia: erectile dysfunction, Peyronie disease, and premature ejaculation. All medical diagnoses and prescriptions used prior to first disease diagnosis were examined. Predictors were selected by random forest, and conditional multivariate logistic regressions were applied to assess the risks of each predictor.
Outcomes:
We identified novel relationships of HIV and some HIV treatments with priapism and confirmed existing associations.
Results:
An overall 10 459 men with priapism were identified and matched 1:1 to the 3 control groups. After multivariable adjustment, men with priapism had high associations of hereditary anemias (odds ratio [OR], 3.99; 95% CI, 2.73-5.82), use of vasodilating agents (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.01-2.98), use of HIV medications (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.36-2.79), and use of antipsychotic medications (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.52-2.38) as compared with erectile dysfunction controls. Similar patterns were noted when compared with premature ejaculation and Peyronie disease controls.
Clinical Implications:
HIV and its treatment are associated with priapism, which may affect patient counseling.
Strengths And Limitations:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify risk factors for priapism utilizing machine learning. All men in our series were commercially insured, which limits the generalizability of our findings.
Conclusion:
Using data-mining techniques, we confirmed existing associations with priapism (eg, hemolytic anemias, antipsychotics) and identified novel relationships (eg, HIV disease and treatment).
Related Concept Videos
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
01:28Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:23Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
01:20Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....