Functionalization of 3D Printed Scaffolds Using Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles for Bone-Interfacing...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Bone-interfacing materials require bacterial colonization prevention and osseointegration stimulation to minimize complications.
• Current materials often face challenges with infection and integration, necessitating advanced solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a two-step functionalization method for 3D printed scaffolds to impart antibacterial properties and enhance osseointegration.
• To assess the efficacy of polydopamine (PDA) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coatings against bacterial biofilm formation and on cell growth.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a two-step dip-coating process: first, a polydopamine (PDA) layer, followed by silver nitrate treatment to form silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
• Applied the coating to 3D printed polymeric scaffolds and tested against *Staphylococcus aureus* biofilm formation.
• Evaluated osteoblast-like cell growth on the coated scaffolds and performed microscopy for coating characterization.
• Demonstrated the method's applicability to titanium substrates.

Main Results:

• The PDA and AgNP coated scaffolds significantly inhibited *Staphylococcus aureus* biofilm formation, showing a 3000-8000-fold reduction in bacterial colonies.
• Porous scaffold geometries with the coating accelerated osteoblast-like cell growth.
• Microscopy confirmed homogeneous coating distribution and penetration within the scaffold's porous structure.

Conclusions:

• The developed PDA-AgNP coating is an effective strategy for creating antibacterial and osteogenic bone-interfacing materials.
• This method is transferable to different substrates, including titanium, expanding its application potential.
• The coating holds promise for reducing post-surgical infections and revision rates in orthopedic applications.