Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
Published on: December 1, 2023
Gender-Affirming Voice Surgery: Considerations for Surgical Intervention
Christopher D Dwyer1, Sarah L Schneider2, Desi Gutierrez2
1Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract:
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current state and available evidence surrounding surgical voice care for the transgender and/or gender expansive population. The term "gender expansive" has been proposed as an inclusive term to classify those who do not identify with traditional gender roles but are otherwise not confined to one gender narrative or experience. We aim to review indications and candidacy for surgery, surgical procedure options for altering vocal pitch, and typical postoperative expectations. The role of voice therapy and considerations for perioperative care will also be discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Larynx
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
Psychosurgery
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

