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Related Experiment Videos

Interaction between cardiac chambers and thoracic pressure in intact circulation.

R Beyar1, M J Hausknecht, H R Halperin

  • 1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.

The American Journal of Physiology
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a cardiovascular model to understand how intrathoracic pressure affects heart function. The pericardium plays a key role in modifying cardiac responses to pressure changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay between intrathoracic pressure (ITP) and the cardiovascular system (CVS) is crucial for clinical practice.
  • Interventricular interaction mechanisms, including pericardial constraint and septal effects, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive lumped parameter model of the CVS and ITP interaction.
  • To investigate the roles of pericardial effects and interventricular interaction on cardiac function.
  • To simulate and compare model predictions with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • A lumped parameter vascular model incorporating time-varying elastance for cardiac chambers.
  • Simulation of cardiovascular responses to perturbations in ITP and pericardial fluid injection.

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  • Comparison of model outputs with existing experimental literature data.

    • Main Results:

    • Total heart volume remains constant across varying ITP, suggesting intrinsic chamber properties are key.
    • The pericardium significantly influences transient and steady-state responses to decreased ITP, affecting left ventricle (LV) volume.
    • Pericardial fluid injection causes a greater transient RV volume decrease than LV volume decrease.
    • Septal transmission plays a minor role in CVS response to negative ITP.

    Conclusions:

    • The model accurately predicts the effects of intrathoracic and pericardial pressures on circulation in a reflex-blocked state.
    • Intrinsic cardiac chamber properties, rather than pericardial restriction, primarily maintain constant heart volume.
    • The pericardium is a major factor in modulating cardiac responses to intrathoracic pressure changes.
    • The model provides a framework for prioritizing mechanisms influencing cardiac function.