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Sex-biased gene expression in nutrient-sensing pathways.

Suzanne Bennett-Keki1, Emily K Fowler1, Leighton Folkes1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|March 8, 2023
PubMed
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Female lifespan is more sensitive to diet due to dynamic nutrient-sensing gene expression. This sex-specific gene activity, particularly in adults, helps explain lifespan differences between males and females.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Aging Research
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Lifespan differences between sexes are common across species.
  • Dietary intake significantly influences lifespan.
  • Sex-specific responses to diet may underlie lifespan disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if nutrient-sensing pathways exhibit sex-biased gene expression.
  • To determine if this expression is dynamic and linked to dietary sensitivity.
  • To explore the proximate mechanisms behind sex differences in lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of existing RNA-sequencing data for 17 nutrient-sensing genes.
  • Direct gene expression analysis in larvae and adult fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster).
  • Comparison of gene expression in virgin and mated adults of different ages.

Main Results:

  • A dominant pattern of female-biased gene expression was observed for nutrient-sensing genes.
  • Sex-biased gene expression was largely absent in larvae but present and stable in adults.
  • Mating influenced the pattern of female-biased gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Higher and more dynamic expression of nutrient-sensing pathways in females provides a proximate explanation for their lifespan's sensitivity to diet.
  • Contrasting selective pressures on males and females lead to different nutritional needs and lifespan outcomes.
  • Sex-specific dietary responses have significant implications for health and aging.