Ammonium Ion Batteries: Material, Electrochemistry and Strategy

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Ammonium-ion batteries (AIBs) are gaining attention for aqueous battery applications due to safety and kinetics.
• The unique NH₄⁺ storage mechanism involves hydrogen bonding, differing from other metal ions.
• Current AIB electrode materials show limitations for practical energy storage demands.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art research in AIBs.
• To analyze the fundamental configuration, operating mechanisms, and recent advancements in AIBs.
• To discuss challenges and future perspectives for developing advanced AIBs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on AIBs.
• Classification and comparison of electrode materials based on NH₄⁺ storage behavior.
• Analysis of electrolytes and their impact on AIB performance.

Main Results:

• NH₄⁺ storage mechanisms are distinct due to hydrogen bonding with host materials.
• Various electrode materials and electrolytes have been investigated for AIBs.
• Performance of existing AIBs often falls short of requirements for future devices.

Conclusions:

• Advanced material design is crucial for overcoming current limitations in AIBs.
• Understanding NH₄⁺ storage behavior is key to developing high-performance AIBs.
• Future research should focus on novel materials and electrolytes for efficient electrochemical energy storage.