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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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Exploring Oral Function, Protein Intake, and Risk of Sarcopenia: A Scoping Review.

P J Moynihan1, J-L Teo1

  • 1Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

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Tooth loss is linked to sarcopenia risk in older adults, while other oral health factors show mixed associations. This review highlights the need for more research into oral health

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and function, is often linked to insufficient protein intake.
  • The association between sarcopenia and oral health remains less understood, particularly in older populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize peer-reviewed evidence published between 2000 and 2022 on the relationship between oral function, sarcopenia, and protein intake in older adults.
  • To identify gaps in current research regarding oral health's role in sarcopenia risk.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases.
  • Studies were included if they measured oral function (e.g., tooth loss, salivary flow, masticatory function, tongue pressure) alongside protein intake or sarcopenia indicators (muscle mass and function).
  • Data extraction focused on study characteristics, exposures, outcomes, and the balance of evidence for associations.

Main Results:

  • Out of 376 identified studies, 32 were included, with most being cross-sectional and originating from Japan.
  • A positive association was observed between tooth loss and measures of sarcopenia and protein intake.
  • Evidence linking chewing function, tongue pressure, or oral hypofunction indices to sarcopenia was mixed.

Conclusions:

  • While tooth loss appears to be associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia, the relationship between other oral health parameters (e.g., oral musculature, hypofunction) and sarcopenia requires further investigation.
  • This review underscores the importance of considering oral health in the context of sarcopenia and identifies critical areas for future research.