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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

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MicroRNA-155 Plays Selective Cell-Intrinsic Roles in Brain-Infiltrating Immune Cell Populations during

Jacob W Thompson¹, Ruozhen Hu¹, Thomas B Huffaker¹

¹Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|March 8, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) drives multiple sclerosis (MS) severity. Conditional knockout in T cells and dendritic cells reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, highlighting cell-specific therapeutic targets.

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Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing

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Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is a proinflammatory microRNA implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Global knockout of miR-155 in mice confers resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS.
The cell-intrinsic roles of miR-155 in distinct immune cell populations during EAE remain undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cell-specific roles of miR-155 in immune cells during the development of EAE.
To determine the impact of miR-155 deletion in T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) on EAE pathogenesis.
To identify specific immune cell types where miR-155 plays a critical role in MS.

Main Methods:

Utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze immune cell populations in global miR-155 knockout (KO) mice.
Employed cell-specific conditional miR-155 KO mouse models (CD4 Cre for T cells, CD11c Cre for DCs, LysM Cre for macrophages).
Assessed disease severity and CNS-infiltrating Th17 T cell levels in various conditional KO models during EAE induction.

Main Results:

Global miR-155 KO mice showed reduced T cells, macrophages, and DCs at day 21 post-EAE induction.
Conditional deletion of miR-155 in T cells significantly reduced EAE severity, mirroring global KO effects.
Deletion of miR-155 in DCs also led to a significant reduction in EAE, with decreased Th17 T cell infiltration.
miR-155 deletion in macrophages did not affect EAE severity, despite its high expression in these cells during EAE.

Conclusions:

miR-155 plays distinct, cell-type-dependent roles in the pathogenesis of EAE.
T cells and dendritic cells are key immune cell types where miR-155 contributes to MS pathogenesis.
Targeting miR-155 in specific immune cells, particularly T cells and DCs, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for MS.