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Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Author Spotlight: A Cost-Effective Genomic Workflow for Advancing Rabies Control in Resource-Limited Settings

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Published on: August 18, 2023

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2021.

Xiaoyue Ma¹, Sarah Bonaparte¹, Patrick Corbett²

¹1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

|March 8, 2023

Summary

Rabies cases in the US decreased by 18.2% in 2021, with wildlife like bats and raccoons most affected. This decline in animal rabies may be linked to COVID-19 pandemic factors.

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Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

Veterinary Epidemiology
Zoonotic Disease Surveillance
Public Health

Background:

Rabies remains a significant public health concern globally, transmitted through animal bites.
Understanding the epidemiological trends of animal rabies is crucial for implementing effective control and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To present epidemiological data on animal and human rabies occurrences in the United States during 2021.
To provide summaries of rabies surveillance data from Canada and Mexico for 2021.

Main Methods:

Data on animals submitted for rabies testing in 2021 were collected from state and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services.
Temporal and geographical analyses were conducted to identify trends in domestic animal and wildlife rabies cases.

Main Results:

In 2021, 3,663 rabid animals were reported across 54 US jurisdictions, an 18.2% decrease from 2020.
Wildlife accounted for 91.5% of cases, with bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes as primary hosts. Domestic animals, including cats, cattle, and dogs, represented 94% of domestic animal rabies cases.
Five human rabies deaths were reported in the US in 2021.

Conclusions:

The significant decrease in reported animal rabies cases in the US during 2021 is potentially attributable to factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Continued surveillance is essential for monitoring rabies trends and informing public health interventions.