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Self-Wrinkling in Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Bilayers.

So Nagashima¹, Naoki Akamatsu¹, Xiangfu Cheng¹

¹Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|March 8, 2023

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Researchers developed a novel open-air fabrication method to create centimeter-scale wrinkles on polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. This technique avoids solvents and offers a simple way to generate swelling-induced patterns for functional devices.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Gel film swelling on soft substrates induces surface instability, forming patterns like wrinkles and folds.
This phenomenon is used in fabricating devices and understanding morphogenesis.
Achieving centimeter-scale patterns without solvent immersion is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a method for creating centimeter-scale wrinkles on polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels via open-air fabrication.
To investigate the mechanism of spontaneous pattern formation during open-air gelation.
To control wrinkle wavelength for practical applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of film-substrate bilayers using polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels.

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Open-air gelation of an aqueous acrylamide pregel solution on a PAAm hydrogel substrate.

Observation and analysis of pattern evolution (dimples to wrinkles).

Control of wrinkle wavelength by adjusting pregel film thickness.

Main Results:

Spontaneous formation of centimeter-scale wrinkles during open-air fabrication of PAAm hydrogel bilayers.
Initial emergence of hexagonally packed dimples evolving into randomly oriented wrinkles.
Pattern formation attributed to surface instability from autonomous water transport.
Wrinkle wavelength is controllable within the centimeter range by film thickness.

Conclusions:

A simple, solvent-free method for generating swelling-induced centimeter-scale wrinkles on hydrogels is presented.
The self-wrinkling method overcomes limitations of conventional approaches.
This technique offers a new pathway for fabricating functional devices with large-scale patterned surfaces.