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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
1.3K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

4.4K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
4.4K
Heat Capacity: Problem-Solving01:17

Heat Capacity: Problem-Solving

558
The heat capacity of a gas is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of gas by one degree Celsius. It is an important thermodynamic property of gases, and its determination is essential in many industrial and scientific applications. Here are the steps to solve problems related to the heat capacities of gases:
Determine the type of gas: The heat capacity of a gas depends on its molecular structure and the degree of freedom of its molecules. Different types of...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

23.0K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
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Dynamic Ablative Networks: Shapeable Heat-Shielding Materials.

Kevin A Stewart1, Daniel P DeLellis2, Jacob J Lessard1

  • 1George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new adaptable polymer networks using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) for robust, shapeable materials. These novel thermosets offer enhanced thermal stability and charring, ideal for heat-shielding applications.

Keywords:
POSSablativescovalent adaptable networkscreep-resistancenanocompositesvitrimers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Thermoset polymers offer robustness but lack recyclability and reshapeability due to static cross-links.
  • Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) introduce dynamic cross-links, enabling repair and reshaping while maintaining material integrity.
  • Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives can enhance material properties like thermal stability and charring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel hybrid inorganic-organic vitrimers incorporating a high weight percentage of POSS.
  • To investigate the properties of these POSS-based vitrimers, focusing on tunability, thermal stability, and charring behavior.
  • To evaluate the potential of these materials for applications such as heat-shielding materials (HSMs).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of enaminone vitrimers via polycondensation of β-ketoester-containing POSS with diamine cross-linkers.
  • Characterization of material properties including glass transition temperatures, thermal stability, and char yield.
  • Assessment of the shape retention of the char materials after thermal degradation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of hybrid inorganic-organic vitrimers with high POSS content.
  • Materials exhibited facile tunability, predictable glass transition temperatures, and good thermal stability.
  • High residual char mass was observed after thermal degradation, with notable shape retention.

Conclusions:

  • The developed POSS-based enaminone vitrimers offer a unique combination of adaptability and robustness.
  • The materials demonstrate excellent thermal stability and charring properties, with potential for heat-shielding applications.
  • The shape retention of the char suggests utility in designing complex, high-performance heat-shielding materials.