Rocuronium with sugammadex as a rescue reversal agent to solve conflicting recommendations for thyroid or parathyroid...

For thyroid or parathyroid surgery, there is a challenge to select a muscle relaxant agent allowing a good quality for tracheal intubation without any residual effect at the time of intraoperative neural monitoring.

In this monocentric study, non-morbidly obese adult patients without risk factors for difficult tracheal intubation who underwent thyroid or parathyroid surgery with intraoperative neural monitoring were prospectively included. After rocuronium injection (0.5 mg.kg^-1) during propofol-sufentanil induction, intubation conditions were evaluated using the Copenhagen score. The surgeon positioned the electrodes NIM® and tested the vagal nerve before recurrent nerve dissection. The signal was considered positive when the wave amplitude exceeded 100 μV. If not, sugammadex (2 mg.kg^-1) was administered. The dissection began when the signal was positive.

From January 2022 to June 2022, 48 out of 50 patients, 39 (81%) female, met inclusion criteria and were prospectively recruited in the study (two patients had predictable difficult intubation criteria). Intubation conditions were clinically acceptable for 46/48 (96%) of patients. The time delay from rocuronium injection to vagal stimulation was 43 min (mean) +/- 11 (SD). The vagal stimulation was positive in 45 patients (94%). In the 3 remaining patients, sugammadex successfully reversed residual curarization and allowed positive vagal stimulation.

This prospective study shows that the use of 0.5 mg.kg^-1 rocuronium with sugammadex as a rescue reversal agent allows good quality and safety for intubation conditions and intraoperative neural monitoring in patients scheduled for thyroid or parathyroid surgery.