Hepatitis B vaccination in Iran: Historical policies and programs

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant global health challenge, impacting patient quality of life and healthcare systems.
• Effective prevention and control strategies are crucial for managing HBV, with vaccination identified as a primary intervention.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) prioritizes HBV prevention and control as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the nature and global epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus (HBV).
• To examine HBV epidemiology within Iran.
• To analyze Iranian policies and programs for HBV prevention and control, focusing on vaccination strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of HBV nature and epidemiology.
• Analysis of national HBV prevention and control policies in Iran.
• Examination of vaccination program data and coverage rates in Iran.

Main Results:

• Iran demonstrates one of the lowest HBV prevalences in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO).
• The HBV vaccine has been part of Iran's national childhood immunization program since 1993.
• Over 95% HBV vaccination coverage has been achieved, significantly reducing infection trends.

Conclusions:

• Vaccination is the most effective intervention for HBV prevention and control.
• Iran's public health system has made substantial progress in controlling HBV through high vaccination coverage.
• Continued focus on HBV elimination programs and inter-organizational cooperation is recommended to achieve 2030 goals.