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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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VISTA expression and patient selection for immune-based anticancer therapy.

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V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a promising immunotherapy target for solid tumors. Understanding VISTA

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a B7 family member crucial for T cell quiescence and myeloid cell regulation.
  • VISTA's role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) presents a novel immunotherapy target for solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on VISTA expression in various malignancies.
  • To elucidate VISTA's interactions with tumor and immune cells within the TME.
  • To establish a framework for patient selection in anti-VISTA therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on VISTA expression and function in solid tumors.
  • Analysis of VISTA's biological mechanisms in maintaining the TME.
  • Correlation of VISTA expression patterns with established immunotherapy biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • VISTA maintains the TME by supporting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and T cell quiescence.
  • VISTA regulates natural killer cell activation and limits antigen presentation.
  • Distinct patterns of VISTA expression correlate with other predictive immunotherapy biomarkers like PD-L1 and TILs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding VISTA's multifaceted role in the TME is essential for effective immunotherapy.
  • VISTA-targeted therapies, alone or in combination, show potential for solid tumor treatment.
  • Identifying optimal TMEs for VISTA-targeted strategies requires correlating VISTA expression with biomarkers.