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Related Concept Videos

Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

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Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

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Design and Implementation of a National SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring Program in England: REACT-1 Study.

Paul Elliott1, Matthew Whitaker1, David Tang1

  • 1Paul Elliott, Matthew Whitaker, David Tang, Oliver Eales, Barbara Bodinier, Haowei Wang, Christina Atchison, Deborah Ashby, Helen Ward, and Marc Chadeu-Hyam are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Nicholas Steyn and Christl A. Donnelly are with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Joshua Elliott is with the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Wendy Barclay, Graham Taylor, and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London.

American Journal of Public Health
|March 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study provided crucial real-time data on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates across England. This research offered insights into prevalence, vaccine effectiveness, and variant emergence to inform public health strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Surveillance

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated robust surveillance systems for tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread.
  • Timely and reliable data on infection prevalence are essential for effective public health interventions and policy-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and maintain a real-time surveillance system for estimating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in England.
  • To provide data on infection trends by time, geography, and sociodemographic factors.
  • To assess vaccine effectiveness and monitor the emergence of new viral variants.

Main Methods:

  • The REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study utilized a population-based, cross-sectional survey design.
  • Data were collected from individuals aged 5 years and older across England via postal invitations using the National Health Service patient list.
  • Nineteen rounds of data collection occurred monthly from May 2020 to March 2022, capturing 2-3 weeks of data per round.

Main Results:

  • The study generated real-time estimates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, enabling tracking of the epidemic's trajectory.
  • Data allowed for detailed analysis of prevalence by region, age, and other sociodemographic variables.
  • The REACT-1 study contributed to understanding vaccine effectiveness and identifying the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants through genomic sequencing.

Conclusions:

  • The REACT-1 study successfully provided timely and reliable data on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, informing public health responses in England.
  • The methodology demonstrated the value of large-scale, community-based surveillance for monitoring infectious diseases.
  • Dissemination of findings through various channels ensured broad accessibility for researchers, policymakers, and the public.