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Moving Beyond Movement: Diagnosing Functional Movement Disorder.

Gabriela S Gilmour¹, Sarah C Lidstone^1,2,3

¹Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Seminars in Neurology

|March 9, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a treatable neurological condition causing abnormal movements and weakness. Early diagnosis through clinical assessment and specific signs is key to effective management and preventing harm.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Neurology

Background:

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a common, disabling neuropsychiatric syndrome.
FMD presents with abnormal movements and weakness, impacting quality of life through nonmotor symptoms.

Approach:

This review outlines a diagnostic algorithm for FMD.
The algorithm integrates suggestive patient history, positive examination signs (variability, distractibility, incongruence), and investigations.

Key Points:

Positive signs of FMD include internal inconsistency and findings incongruent with other neurological diseases.
Clinical assessment is crucial for patient understanding and early diagnosis.
Accurate diagnosis is vital as FMD is treatable and reversible, with risks associated with misdiagnosis.

Conclusions:

Early and accurate diagnosis of functional movement disorder is essential for effective treatment and patient outcomes.
Recognizing FMD as a syndrome with both motor and nonmotor aspects improves patient care.