Technological Advances in Spine Surgery: Navigation, Robotics, and Augmented Reality.

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Medical Technology

Background:

• Precise pedicle screw placement is essential in spine surgery to prevent neurovascular injury.
• Optimal screw fixation is crucial for spinal fusion and deformity correction.
• Minimizing complications and maximizing surgical outcomes depend on accurate screw placement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current technologies for improving pedicle screw placement accuracy in spine surgery.
• To highlight the importance of technology selection for patient safety and surgical success.
• To provide an overview of navigation and robotic systems available to spine surgeons.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on computer-assisted navigation, robotic-guided surgery, and augmented reality for spine procedures.
• Analysis of technological advancements in pedicle screw placement over the last three decades.
• Discussion of factors influencing technology selection for spine surgery.

Main Results:

• Multiple technologies, including computer-assisted navigation, robotic surgery, and augmented reality, aim to enhance pedicle screw accuracy.
• These technologies offer diverse options for surgeons performing spinal procedures.
• The evolution of these tools over 30 years has expanded surgical capabilities.

Conclusions:

• The selection of appropriate technology for pedicle screw placement is critical.
• Patient safety and optimal outcomes should guide technology choices in spine surgery.
• Continuous advancements in surgical navigation technologies are transforming spine procedures.