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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis mimicking acute ischemic stroke.

Ermir Roçi¹, Stela Dodaj¹, Gentian Vyshka²

¹Department of Neurovascular Service, "Mother Teresa" University Medical Center, Tirana, Albania.

Surgical Neurology International

|March 10, 2023

Summary

Herpes virus encephalitis can mimic stroke symptoms, delaying diagnosis. Prompt recognition and antiviral treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in these central nervous system infections.

Keywords:

Brain MRI Brain imaging Central nervous system infections Encephalitis Herpes virus Stroke

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Central nervous system infections can present acutely, mimicking stroke.
This diagnostic challenge can delay appropriate and potentially successful treatment.

Observation:

A case of herpes virus encephalitis initially presented as an ischemic cerebral accident in the emergency department.
Unclear symptomatology and inconclusive initial findings prompted further investigation.

Findings:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain suggested an infectious etiology.
Lumbar puncture confirmed herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1.
Antiviral therapy led to complete resolution within three weeks.

Implications:

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of stroke-like presentations.
Early diagnosis and prompt antiviral therapy in suspected herpetic encephalitis are vital for favorable neurological outcomes.
Awareness of HSV encephalitis mimicking stroke is critical for clinicians managing acute neurological conditions, especially in febrile patients with suspicious or inconclusive brain imaging.