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Author Spotlight: Advancing Antiviral Strategies Through Novel Immunocapture and Mass Spectrometry Techniques

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Complementarity determining regions in SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity.

Glynis Frans¹, Doreen Dillaerts², Tom Dehaemers²

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Frontiers in Immunology

|March 10, 2023

Summary

Hybrid immunity from COVID-19 vaccination and prior infection enhances protection against variants. This study reveals distinct molecular profiles of antibodies in hybrid immunity compared to vaccination alone.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 complementary determining region hybrid immunity vaccination

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Hybrid immunity, resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination, offers robust protection against variants.
Understanding the molecular basis of hybrid immunity is crucial for vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular characteristics of antibodies in individuals with hybrid immunity.
To compare the antibody profiles of individuals with hybrid immunity to those with vaccination-induced immunity.

Main Methods:

Analysis of complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of anti-RBD antibodies using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry.
Application of principal component analysis and partial least square differential analysis for CDR profile comparison.

Main Results:

Individuals with COVID-19 vaccination exhibited shared CDR profiles.
Pre-vaccination or breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly altered CDR profiles, creating a distinct profile in hybrid immunity.
The CDR profile associated with hybrid immunity clustered separately from the vaccination-induced CDR profile.

Conclusions:

Hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 generates a distinct antibody CDR profile compared to vaccination alone.
These findings provide molecular insights into the enhanced protection offered by hybrid immunity.