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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
17.3K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

2.2K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

43.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
43.4K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Free-Standing Two-Dimensional Crystals Formed from Self-Assembled Ionic Liquids.

Dong Dai1, Bobo Cao1, Xiao-Lei Hao1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory on Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

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|March 10, 2023
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Researchers discovered free-standing two-dimensional crystals (2DCs) in aqueous solutions, challenging previous fabrication methods. These novel 2D materials also function as hydrogels, holding significant water content.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Two-dimensional crystals (2DCs) are typically formed using strong covalent or coordination bonds.
  • Fabrication of 2DCs with unique surface properties is of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of macroscopic scale free-standing 2DCs.
  • To explore the properties and potential applications of these novel 2D materials.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques were employed.
  • Aqueous dispersions of [Cmim]X (X = Br, NO3; n = 14, 16, 18) were studied.

Main Results:

  • Macroscopic scale free-standing 2DCs were successfully fabricated in aqueous dispersions.
  • The 2DCs exhibit hydrogel properties, capable of holding up to 98 wt % water.
  • The formation is attributed to weak interactions between imidazole headgroups and counterions.

Conclusions:

  • Discovery of a new method for fabricating free-standing 2DCs, distinct from traditional strong bonding approaches.
  • Identified novel 2D materials with hydrogel characteristics.
  • Findings provide insights into the principles of 2D material stability and design.