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Quantum Contextuality Provides Communication Complexity Advantage.

Shashank Gupta1, Debashis Saha1,2, Zhen-Peng Xu3,4

  • 1S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.

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Quantum contextuality, beyond entanglement, enables quantum communication advantages. New findings link contextuality to communication tasks and quantum key distribution protocols, expanding quantum information applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Foundations
  • Quantum Communication

Background:

  • Contextuality is a key concept in quantum mechanics, yet its practical applications beyond entanglement are limited.
  • Exploring applications of quantum contextuality is crucial for advancing quantum information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a direct link between quantum contextuality and demonstrable quantum advantages in communication tasks.
  • To explore the potential of contextuality for quantum key distribution protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating communication tasks for quantum states and observables exhibiting contextuality.
  • Analyzing the relationship between quantum advantage in communication and the presence of contextuality.
  • Developing protocols for quantum key distribution based on contextuality.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that contextuality in small quantum systems guarantees a quantum advantage in specific communication tasks.
  • Established a condition where quantum advantage in communication implies contextuality.
  • Showed that quantum state-independent contextuality leads to communication tasks with growing quantum-classical complexity differences.
  • Converted these communication tasks into semi-device-independent quantum key distribution protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum contextuality offers a resource for quantum advantage in communication, independent of entanglement.
  • Contextuality-based communication tasks can be leveraged for secure quantum key distribution.
  • This work bridges fundamental quantum foundations with practical quantum communication technologies.