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Cholesterol-induced microsomal changes modulate desaturase activities.

A I Leikin1, R R Brenner

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Argentina.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|December 14, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Dietary cholesterol and cholate altered rat liver microsomal composition, increasing cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Fatty acid desaturase activities were significantly impacted, affecting membrane fluidity.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Dietary lipids significantly influence cellular membrane composition and function.
  • Liver microsomes are crucial for lipid metabolism and drug detoxification.
  • Fatty acid desaturases play a key role in regulating membrane fluidity and fatty acid profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dietary cholesterol and cholate on rat liver microsomal composition.
  • To analyze the effects on fatty acid desaturase activities and membrane properties.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholate for varying durations.
  • Liver microsomes were isolated and analyzed for lipid and phospholipid content.
  • Fatty acid desaturase activities (Delta 9, Delta 5, Delta 6) were measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Membrane rigidity was assessed using fluorescence anisotropy.

    • Main Results:

    • Dietary intervention increased liver microsomal cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine levels.
    • Ratios of cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine were elevated.
    • Phosphatidylinositol decreased initially but recovered; phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin decreased over time.
    • A decrease in saturated fatty acids and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids were observed.
    • Arachidonic acid content was reduced in key phospholipids.
    • Delta 9-desaturase activity increased, while Delta 5- and Delta 6-desaturase activities decreased.
    • Microsomal membrane rigidity increased, indicated by higher fluorescence anisotropy.

    Conclusions:

    • High-cholesterol and cholate diets significantly alter liver microsomal lipid composition and phospholipid profiles.
    • These dietary changes profoundly affect fatty acid desaturase activities, leading to altered membrane fatty acid composition.
    • The observed changes result in increased microsomal membrane rigidity, impacting cellular function.