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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

Published on: July 31, 2017

Transcriptome analysis reveals tumor microenvironment changes in glioblastoma.

Youri Hoogstrate¹, Kaspar Draaisma², Santoesha A Ghisai¹

¹Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

|March 10, 2023

Summary

Glioblastoma evolution primarily involves microenvironment changes, not tumor cell mutations. Recurrent tumors show increased extracellular matrix genes linked to worse survival, highlighting the importance of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma progression.

Keywords:

RNA-seq extracellular matrix glioblastoma neurons pericytes recursive correlation single-nucleus RNA-seq tumor evolution

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Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

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Last Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

Published on: July 31, 2017

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Published on: September 13, 2022

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

Published on: October 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Neuroscience

Background:

Understanding transcriptional evolution in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma is key for treatment optimization.
Current standard of care treatments are used in patients with paired primary-recurrent glioblastoma resections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transcriptional changes and evolution of IDH-wild-type glioblastoma from primary to recurrent stages.
To identify molecular mechanisms driving glioblastoma recurrence and their impact on patient survival.

Main Methods:

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 322 primary-recurrent glioblastoma samples for validation and 245 for testing.
Analysis of transcriptional subtypes, gene expression alterations, and tumor microenvironment composition.
Confirmation of findings using single-cell RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

Transcriptional subtypes form a continuum; recurrent tumors exhibit mesenchymal progression.
Tumor purity decreases over time, with increases in neuron, oligodendrocyte, and macrophage markers, and decreases in endothelial markers.
An extracellular matrix gene set increases at recurrence, mainly expressed by pericytes, and is associated with worse survival.

Conclusions:

Glioblastoma evolution is driven primarily by microenvironment reorganization rather than molecular evolution of tumor cells.
Pericyte-associated extracellular matrix gene expression at recurrence signifies a poor prognostic marker.
Targeting microenvironment changes may offer new therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma.