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Creating complex protocells and prototissues using simple DNA building blocks.

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Researchers created tunable DNA nanotubes and fibers from simple building blocks to form biomimetic skeletal frameworks for synthetic cells and tissues, enhancing their stability and enabling new material designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Building functional synthetic protocells and prototissues requires biomimetic skeletal frameworks.
  • Recreating the diverse dimensions and functions of natural cytoskeletal and exoskeletal fibers is a significant challenge.
  • Developing methods using simple building blocks for fabrication and control is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple yet versatile strategy for creating complex structural frameworks for synthetic cells and tissues.
  • To demonstrate the ability to control the dimensions and assembly of these frameworks.
  • To investigate the application of these frameworks in enhancing protocell stability and forming prototissues.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of five oligonucleotides into nanotubes or fibers.
  • Tuning the thickness and length of the DNA assemblies across four orders of magnitude.
  • Controlling the intracellular and extracellular localization of the assemblies within protocells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed tunable nanotubes and fibers from simple oligonucleotide subunits.
  • Demonstrated control over the dimensions (thickness and length) of the assemblies.
  • Showcased enhanced mechanical, functional, and osmolar stability of protocells with internal frameworks.
  • Developed exoskeletal-like structures that support millimeter-scale prototissue formation.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing simplicity through oligonucleotide assembly enables the creation of complex structural frameworks for synthetic biology.
  • This strategy provides a powerful tool for the bottom-up design of synthetic cells and tissues with enhanced properties.
  • The developed materials hold potential for applications in medicine, such as smart material devices.