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Oesophageal Atresia: Prevalence in the Valencian Region (Spain) and Associated Anomalies

Adriana Agurto-Ramírez1, Laura García-Villodre2, Ana Ruiz-Palacio2

  • 1Service of Preventive Medicine, Valencia General University Hospital Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|March 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Oesophageal atresia (OA) affects 2.4/10,000 births in the Valencian Region. Most cases occur in live births, often with other congenital anomalies, and mortality is linked to birth weight.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Oesophageal atresia (OA) is a congenital anomaly requiring early diagnosis and intervention.
  • Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of OA is crucial for public health planning and resource allocation.
  • Previous studies highlight variations in OA incidence and associated factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of oesophageal atresia (OA) in the Valencian Region (VR) between 2007 and 2019.
  • To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of OA cases.
  • To analyze mortality rates and associated factors in OA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based registry study using data from the Congenital Anomalies Registry of VR (RPAC-CV).
  • Inclusion of live births (LB), stillbirths (SB), and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) diagnosed with OA.
  • Calculation of prevalence rates (per 10,000 births) and analysis of socio-demographic and clinical variables.

Main Results:

  • A total of 146 OA cases were identified, with an overall prevalence of 2.4/10,000 births.
  • Prevalence was higher in live births (2.3/10,000) compared to stillbirths and TOPFA (0.03/10,000).
  • Mortality rate was 0.03/1000 LB, with a significant association between mortality and birth weight. 71.2% of cases had associated anomalies, primarily heart defects.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of OA in the VR is within the expected range, with lower rates in SB and TOPFA compared to EUROCAT data.
  • An association between OA and birth weight, as well as other congenital anomalies, was confirmed.
  • Significant variations in OA prevalence were observed during the study period, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
epidemiologyoesophageal atresiaprenatal diagnosisprevalencerisk factors

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