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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
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Recent Advances and Progress on Melanin: From Source to Application.

Lili Guo1,2, Wenya Li1,2, Zhiyang Gu1,2

  • 1College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes recent advances in melanin research, covering its classification, structure, properties, and novel applications in biomedicine and industry. Further research is needed to clarify melanin

Keywords:
applicationbioactivitydecompositionmelaninstructuresynthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Melanin, a biological pigment from indoles and phenolics, offers unique properties and biocompatibility.
  • Its diverse sources and complex polymerization hinder a clear understanding of its structure and formation.
  • Controversies surround melanin's synthesis and degradation pathways, limiting further applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent melanin research.
  • To summarize melanin's classification, sources, and degradation.
  • To detail melanin's structure, characterization, properties, biological activity, and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in melanin research.
  • Synthesis of information on melanin classification, sources, and degradation.
  • Analysis of studies detailing melanin structure, characterization, properties, and biological activities.

Main Results:

  • Melanin's classification, sources, and degradation pathways are reviewed.
  • Detailed descriptions of melanin's structure, characterization, and properties are provided.
  • Novel biological activities and applications of melanin are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges in understanding its complex structure and polymerization, melanin shows significant potential.
  • Recent advances offer new insights into melanin's properties and diverse applications.
  • Continued research is crucial for unlocking the full potential of melanin in various fields.