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Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Published on: June 17, 2025
A2B Adenosine Receptor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pursuing Proper Pit Stop to Interfere with Disease
Wiwin Is Effendi1,2,3, Tatsuya Nagano4
1Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR), Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
Abstract:
Purine nucleotides and nucleosides are involved in various human physiological and pathological mechanisms. The pathological deregulation of purinergic signaling contributes to various chronic respiratory diseases. Among the adenosine receptors, A2B has the lowest affinity such that it was long considered to have little pathophysiological significance. Many studies suggest that A2BAR plays protective roles during the early stage of acute inflammation. However, increased adenosine levels during chronic epithelial injury and inflammation might activate A2BAR, resulting in cellular effects relevant to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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